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Skin corrosion / Irritation
Mixture's pH
According to 3.2.3.1.2 of Annex I to CLP "... In the absence of any other information, a mixture is considered corrosive to skin (Skin Corrosion Category 1) if it has a pH ≤ 2 or a pH ≥ 11.5 ...". Therefore, if a mixture has such extreme pH it is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1'.
The generic cut-off value for Skin corrosion/irritation is 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1). This means that if mixture consists of substances classified as Skin corrosion or Skin irritation each present at a concentration below 1 % and even if the sum of their concentrations is above 1 % the mixture will not be classified for Skin corrosion/irritation.
Non-additivity approach
In case of acids, bases, inorganic salts, aldehydes, phenols and surfactants the generic cut-off approach is not applicable, because many such substances are corrosive or irritant to the skin at concentrations < 1 %. A mixture containing such ingredients cannot be classified on the basis of the additivity approach. In this case Skin corrosion/irritation is calculated based on approach described in Annex I, 3.2.3.3.4.3 and Table 3.2.4 to CLP.
In the table below generic concentration limits of ingredients that trigger classification of the mixture as Skin corrosion/irritation are presented.
| Ingredient | Concentration in mixture | Mixture classified as |
| Acid with pH ≤ 2 | ≥ 1 % | Skin Corr. 1 |
| Base with pH ≥ 11.5 | ≥ 1 % | Skin Corr. 1 |
| Other skin corrosive (sub-categories 1A, 1B, 1C or Category 1) ingredients | ≥ 1 % | Skin Corr. 1 |
| Other skin irritant (Category 2) ingredient, including acids and bases | ≥ 3 % | Skin Irrit. 2 |
Additivity approach
The table below represents generic concentration limits of ingredients classified as Skin corrosion (Category 1, 1A, 1B or 1C) and Skin irritation (Category 2) that trigger classification of the mixture as Skin corrosion or Skin irritation where the additivity approach applies (CLP, Annex I, Table 3.2.3).
| Sum of ingredients classified as | Concentration triggering classification of a mixture as |
| Skin corrosion (for selection (sub-)category see note) |
Skin Irrit. 2 | |
|
Skin Corr. 1A + Skin Corr. 1B + Skin Corr. 1C + Skin Corr. 1 |
≥ 5 % | ≥ 1 % but < 5 % |
| Skin Irrit. 2 | ≥ 10 % | |
|
10 × (Skin Corr. 1A + Skin Corr. 1B + Skin Corr. 1C + Skin Corr. 1) + Skin Irrit. 2 |
≥ 10 % |
Note.
The below approach should be used to calculate Skin corrosion:
| ● | To classify mixture as Skin Corr. 1A concentrations only of following ingredients are added:
- 'Skin Corr. 1A' If their sum is ≥ 5 % the mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
| ● | To classify mixture as Skin Corr. 1B concentrations only of following ingredients are added:
- 'Skin Corr. 1A' and - 'Skin Corr. 1B' If their sum is ≥ 5 % the mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| ● | To classify mixture as Skin Corr. 1C concentrations only of following ingredients are added:
- 'Skin Corr. 1A' and - 'Skin Corr. 1B' and - 'Skin Corr. 1C' If their sum is ≥ 5 % the mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1C'. |
| ● | To classify mixture as Skin Corr. 1 concentrations only of following ingredients are added:
- 'Skin Corr. 1A' and - 'Skin Corr. 1B' and - 'Skin Corr. 1C' and - 'Skin Corr. 1' If their sum is ≥ 5 % the mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1'. |
The below approach should be used to calculate Skin irritation:
| ● | If the sum of all ingredients with 'Skin Irrit. 2' is ≥ 10 % the mixture is classified as Skin Irrit. 2. |
| ● | If mixture contains ingredients classified as Skin corrosion (sub-)categories 1A, 1B, 1C or 1 their concentration values must be summed and multiplied by 10. Additionally, if mixture contains ingredients with Skin irritation category 2 their concentration values (without multiplication) should be added. If final sum is ≥ 10 % the mixture is classified as Skin Irrit. 2. |
For calculation the skin corrosion/irritation properties of the mixtures, only 'relevant ingredients' are taken into account.
The 'relevant ingredients' of a mixture are those which are present in concentrations ≥ 1 % (w/w for solids, liquids, dusts, mists and vapours and v/v for gases), unless there is a presumption (e.g. in the case of skin corrosive ingredients) that an ingredient present at a concentration < 1 % can still be relevant for classifying the mixture for skin corrosion/irritation (CLP, Annex I, 3.2.3.3.1).
| − | If mixture contains an ingredient classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A' or 'Skin Corr. 1B' or 'Skin Corr. 1C' or 'Skin Corr. 1' or 'Skin Irrit. 2' at concentration below 1 % such ingredient is not taken into account because:
− its concentration is below cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, table 1.1), − it is not a 'relevant ingredient'. |
Ingredients classified as Skin corrosion 1, 1A, 1B and 1C are also have influence on Serious eye damage and Eye irritation classification of a mixture.
Hierarchy of hazard categories
Hazard
➔
| − | Skin corrosion, category 1 (Skin Corr. 1: H314) |
| − | Skin corrosion, sub-category 1A (Skin Corr. 1A: H314) |
| − | Skin corrosion, sub-category 1B (Skin Corr. 1B: H314) |
| − | Skin corrosion, sub-category 1C (Skin Corr. 1C: H314) |
| − | Skin irritation, category 2 (Skin Irrit. 2: H315) |
A more severe classification for a mixture overrides a less severe classification. For example, if ingredients of a mixture lead to classification both as skin corrosion category 1 (Skin Corr. 1) and skin corrosion sub-category 1A (Skin Corr. 1A) the category 'Skin Corr. 1' must be selected.
To select pictogram, signal word, hazard and precautionary statements please refer to Annex I, part 3, Table 3.2.5 of Regulation (EC) no 1272/2008 (CLP).
For mixture which may cause concern as a result of skin dryness, flaking or cracking but is not classified as Skin Irrit. 2: H315 supplemental information on the label should contains EUH066 - 'Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking' (CLP, Annex II, 1.2.4).
According to answer of European Chemical Agency in section Q&As, ID: 1138 "... When a mixture only contains one corrosive or irritant ingredient (acid or base) with an SCL, the mixture should be classified according to this SCL even if the pH of the mixture is extreme. However, the SCL reflects a situation where the mixture does not contain any other ingredient that might affect the classification for that endpoint. If other ingredients in the mixture affect the irritant/corrosive properties, this has to be taken into account...".
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
Example 8
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification |
| Substance P | 3.0 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
| Substance R | 3.5 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
| Substance S | 2.0 | Skin Corr. 1B: H314 |
| Water | 91.5 | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances P, R and S are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Because no specific concentration limits are applied for any ingredient, concentrations of mixture's ingredients must be compared to generic concentration limits. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Substances P and R are classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A'. Their concentrations should be summed.
conc. P + conc. R = 3.0 + 3.5 = 6.5 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 5 %. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1A . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | The mixture contains substance S with classification 'Skin Corr. 1B'. Concentrations of substances P, R and S should be summed.
conc. P + conc. R + conc. S = 3.0 + 3.5 + 2.0 = 8.5 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 5 %. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1B . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1C' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Irrit. 2'. Concentrations of substances P, R and S must be summed and multiplied by 10.
10 × (conc. P + conc. R + conc. S) = 10 × (3.0 + 3.5 + 2.0) = 85 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 10 %. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
Substances P, R and S lead also to classification Eye Dam. 1 , because the sum of their concentrations is ≥ 3 % (see CLP, Annex I, Table 3.3.3). As a consequence following have to be taken into account: hazard statement H318, pictogram GHS05, signal word 'Danger' and precautionary statements P280, P305+P351+P338, P310.
Selection of hazard category
| − | Classification sub-category 'Skin Corr. 1A' is more severe than 'Skin Corr. 1B' and 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
| − | Classification category 'Eye Dam. 1' is also applied. |
Selection of hazard statements
| − | H314 corresponds to 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
| − | H318 corresponds to 'Eye Dam. 1', but accorging to Part 1 of Annex III to CLP if H314 is assigned then H318 does not need to be indicated. |
Selection of pictogram and signal word
| − | Pictogram GHS05 and signal word 'Danger' correspond to both 'Skin Corr. 1A' and 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
Selection of precautionary statements
| − | For H314 following precautionary statements are applied: P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501. |
Classification and labelling of the mixture
| Classification: | Skin Corr. 1A, Eye Dam. 1 |
| Hazard statements: | H314 |
| Pictogram: |  |
| GHS05 | |
| Signal word: | Danger |
| Precautionary statements: | P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501 |
If mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). The rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification |
| Substance P | 3.0 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
| Substance R | 3.5 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
| Substance S | 0.7 | Skin Corr. 1B: H314 |
| Substance T | 2.0 | Skin Corr. 1C: H314 |
| Substance U | 1.9 | Skin Corr. 1: H314 |
| Water | 88.9 | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances P, R, T and U are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
| − | Concentration of substance S is below the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, its concentration is not taken into account. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Because no specific concentration limits are applied for any ingredient, concentrations of mixture's ingredients must be compared to generic concentration limits. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Substances P and R are classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A'. Their concentrations should be summed.
conc. P + conc. R = 3.0 + 3.5 = 6.5 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 5 %. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1A . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | The mixture contains substance S with classification 'Skin Corr. 1B', but its concentration is below the generic cut-off limit, therefore, such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | The mixture contains substance T with classification 'Skin Corr. 1C'. Concentrations of substances P, R and T should be summed.
conc. P + conc. R + conc. T = 3.0 + 3.5 + 2.0 = 8.5 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 5 %. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1C . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | The mixture contains substance U with classification 'Skin Corr. 1'. Concentrations of substances P, R, T and U should be summed.
conc. P + conc. R + conc. T + conc. U = 3.0 + 3.5 + 2.0 + 1.9 = 10.4 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 5 %. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1 . |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Irrit. 2'. Concentrations of substances P, R, T and U must be summed and multiplied by 10.
10 × (conc. P + conc. R + conc. T + conc. U) = 10 × (3.0 + 3.5 + 2.0 + 1.9) = 104 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 10 %. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
Substances P, R, T and U lead also to classification Eye Dam. 1 , because the sum of their concentrations is ≥ 3 % (see CLP, Annex I, Table 3.3.3). As a consequence following have to be taken into account: hazard statement H318, pictogram GHS05, signal word 'Danger' and precautionary statements P280, P305+P351+P338, P310.
Selection of hazard category
| − | Classification category 'Skin Corr. 1' is more severe than 'Skin Corr. 1A', 'Skin Corr. 1C' and 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1'. |
| − | Classification category 'Eye Dam. 1' is also applied. |
Selection of hazard statements
| − | H314 corresponds to 'Skin Corr. 1'. |
| − | H318 corresponds to 'Eye Dam. 1', but accorging to Part 1 of Annex III to CLP if H314 is assigned then H318 does not need to be indicated. |
Selection of pictogram and signal word
| − | Pictogram GHS05 and signal word 'Danger' correspond to both 'Skin Corr. 1' and 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
Selection of precautionary statements
| − | For H314 following precautionary statements are applied: P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501. |
Classification and labelling of the mixture
| Classification: | Skin Corr. 1, Eye Dam. 1 |
| Hazard statements: | H314 |
| Pictogram: | |
| GHS05 | |
| Signal word: | Danger |
| Precautionary statements: | P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501 |
If mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). The rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification |
| Substance D | 0.9 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 |
| Substance E | 5.5 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 |
| Substance G | 4.0 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 |
| Water | 89.6 | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances E and G are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
| − | Concentration of substance D is below the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, its concentration is not taken into account. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Because no specific concentration limits are applied for any ingredient, concentrations of mixture's ingredients must be compared to generic concentration limits. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1A' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1B' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1C' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Substances E and G are classified as 'Skin Irrit. 2'. Their concentrations should be summed.
conc. E + conc. G = 5.5 + 4.0 = 9.5 % The obtained value is below the generic concentration limit 10 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
Classification of the mixture
The mixture is not classified.
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification |
| Substance P | 3.0 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
| Substance E | 5.5 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 |
| Substance G | 4.0 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 |
| Water | 87.5 | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances P, E and G are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Because no specific concentration limits are applied for any ingredient, concentrations of mixture's ingredients must be compared to generic concentration limits. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Only substance P is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A', its concentration is less than generic concentration limit 5 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1B' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1C' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Concentration of substance P is between 1 % and 5 %. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
| − | Concentration of substance P must be multiplied by 10 and concentrations of substances E and G must be added (without multiplication).
(10 × conc. P) + conc. E + conc. G = (10 × 3.0) + 5.5 + 4.0 = 39.5 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 10 %. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
Substance P leads also to classification Eye Dam. 1 , because its concentration is ≥ 3 % (see CLP, Annex I, Table 3.3.3). As a consequence following have to be taken into account: hazard statement H318, pictogram GHS05, signal word 'Danger' and precautionary statements P280, P305+P351+P338, P310.
Selection of hazard category
| − | The mixture is classified as 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | Classification category 'Eye Dam. 1' is also applied. |
Selection of hazard statements
| − | H315 corresponds to 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | H318 corresponds to 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
Selection of pictogram and signal word
| − | Pictogram GHS07 and signal word 'Warning' correspond to 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | Pictogram GHS05 and signal word 'Danger' correspond to 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
| − | According to Article 26(1,c) to CLP if the hazard pictogram GHS05 applies, the GHS07 is not used if it results from 'Skin Irrit. 2' and/or 'Eye Irrit. 2'. |
| − | According to Article 20(3) to CLP if the signal word 'Danger' is used, the 'Warning' is not used. |
Selection of precautionary statements
| − | For H315 following precautionary statements are applied: P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, P362+P364. |
| − | For H318 following precautionary statements are applied: P280, P305+P351+P338, P310. |
Classification and labelling of the mixture
| Classification: | Skin Irrit. 2, Eye Dam. 1 |
| Hazard statements: | H315, H318 |
| Pictogram: | |
| GHS05 | |
| Signal word: | Danger |
| Precautionary statements: | P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P332+P313, P362+P364 |
If mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). The rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification | Specific Conc. Limits (SCLs) |
| Substance X | 9 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1A: H314: C ≥ 7 % Skin Corr. 1B: H314: 1 % ≤ C < 7 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 0.1 % ≤ C < 1 % |
| Substance W | 8 | Skin Corr. 1B: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1B: H314: C ≥ 10 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 3 % ≤ C < 10 % |
| Water | 83 | − | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances W and X are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Substances W and X have specific concentration limits (SCLs). Because SCL has a precedence over generic concentration limit, concentrations of W and X must be compared to their SCLs. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Only substance X is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A'. Its concentration is above specific concentration limit (7 %). This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1A . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | Concentration of substance W is below its SCL 10 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | Because substances W and X have SCLs for 'Skin Corr. 1B', the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
conc. W / SCL + conc. X / SCL = 8 / 10 + 9 / 1 = 9.8 The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1B . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1C' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Concentration of substance W is between 3 % and 10 %. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
| − | Concentration of substance X must be multiplied by 10.
10 × conc. X = 10 × 9 = 90 % The obtained value is above the generic concentration limit 10 %. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
Substances X and W have also influence on Eye Dam. 1. Both of them have SCL, therefore, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
conc. X / SCL-1B + conc. W / SCL-1B = 9 / 1 + 8 / 10 = 9.8
- Because classifications 'Skin Corr. 1A', 'Skin Corr. 1B', 'Skin Corr. 1C', 'Skin Corr. 1' have influence on 'Eye Dam. 1' for substance X the lower border 1 % of its SCL for 'Skin Corr. 1B' is applied,
- For substance W the SCL 10 % is applied as for 'Skin Corr. 1B'.
The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification 'Eye Dam. 1'. As a consequence following have to be taken into account: hazard statement H318, pictogram GHS05, signal word 'Danger' and precautionary statements P280, P305+P351+P338, P310.
Selection of hazard category
| − | Classification sub-category 'Skin Corr. 1A' is more severe than 'Skin Corr. 1B' and 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
| − | Classification category 'Eye Dam. 1' is also applied. |
Selection of hazard statements
| − | H314 corresponds to 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
| − | H318 corresponds to 'Eye Dam. 1', but accorging to Part 1 of Annex III to CLP if H314 is assigned then H318 does not need to be indicated. |
Selection of pictogram and signal word
| − | Pictogram GHS05 and signal word 'Danger' correspond to both 'Skin Corr. 1A' and 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
Selection of precautionary statements
| − | For H314 following precautionary statements are applied: P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501. |
Classification and labelling of the mixture
| Classification: | Skin Corr. 1A, Eye Dam. 1 |
| Hazard statements: | H314 |
| Pictogram: | |
| GHS05 | |
| Signal word: | Danger |
| Precautionary statements: | P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501 |
If mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). The rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification | Specific Conc. Limits (SCLs) |
| Substance A | 1.7 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1A: H314: C ≥ 15 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 5 % ≤ C < 15 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 5 % ≤ C < 15 % |
| Substance B | 9 | Skin Corr. 1B: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1B: H314: C ≥ 10 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 3 % ≤ C < 10 % |
| Water | 89.3 | − | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances A and B are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Substances A and B have specific concentration limits (SCLs). Because SCL has a precedence over generic concentration limit, concentrations of A and B must be compared to their SCLs. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Only substance A is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A'. Its concentration is below specific concentration limit (15 %). This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | Concentration of substance B is below its SCL 10 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | Because substances A and B have SCLs, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
− Substance B has SCL 10 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-1B). − Substance A has no SCL for 'Skin Corr. 1B', but it has SCL 15 % for 'Skin Corr. 1A'. Because category 1B is calculated as concentrations sum of ingredients with categories 1A and 1B, the value 15 should be used in formula (SCL-1A). conc. A / SCL-1A + conc. B / SCL-1B = 1.7 / 15 + 9 / 10 = 1.013 The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1B . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1C' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Concentration of substance A is below the lower border of its SCL 5 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | Concentration of substance B is between 3 % and 10 %. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
Substances A and B have also influence on Eye Dam. 1. Both of them have SCL, therefore, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
conc. A / SCL-1A + conc. B / SCL-1B = 1.7 / 15 + 9 / 10 = 1.013
- For substance A the SCL 15 % is applied as for 'Skin Corr. 1A',
- For substance B the SCL 10 % is applied as for 'Skin Corr. 1B'.
The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification 'Eye Dam. 1'. As a consequence following have to be taken into account: hazard statement H318, pictogram GHS05, signal word 'Danger' and precautionary statements P280, P305+P351+P338, P310.
Selection of hazard category
| − | Classification sub-category 'Skin Corr. 1B' is more severe than 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | Classification category 'Eye Dam. 1' is also applied. |
Selection of hazard statements
| − | H314 corresponds to 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | H318 corresponds to 'Eye Dam. 1', but accorging to Part 1 of Annex III to CLP if H314 is assigned then H318 does not need to be indicated. |
Selection of pictogram and signal word
| − | Pictogram GHS05 and signal word 'Danger' correspond to both 'Skin Corr. 1B' and 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
Selection of precautionary statements
| − | For H314 following precautionary statements are applied: P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501. |
Classification and labelling of the mixture
| Classification: | Skin Corr. 1B, Eye Dam. 1 |
| Hazard statements: | H314 |
| Pictogram: | |
| GHS05 | |
| Signal word: | Danger |
| Precautionary statements: | P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501 |
If mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). The rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification | Specific Conc. Limits (SCLs) |
| Substance A | 0.8 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1A: H314: C ≥ 15 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 5 % ≤ C < 15 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 5 % ≤ C < 15 % |
| Substance B | 9.3 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1A: H314: C ≥ 70 % Skin Corr. 1B: H314: 50 % ≤ C < 70 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 35 % ≤ C < 50 % Eye Dam. 1: H318: 8 % ≤ C < 50 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 5 % ≤ C < 8 % |
| Substance C | 1.2 | Skin Corr. 1B: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1B: H314: C ≥ 10 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 3 % ≤ C < 10 % |
| Substance D | 1.0 | Skin Corr. 1C: H314 | − |
| Substance E | 0.9 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 |
Skin Irrit. 2: H315: C ≥ 1 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: C ≥ 1 % |
| Substance F | 2.7 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315: C ≥ 25 % |
| Substance G | 5.4 | Skin Irrit. 2: H315 | − |
| Water | 78.7 | − | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances B, C, D, F and G are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
| − | Concentrations of substances A and E are below the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are not taken into account. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Substances B, C and F have specific concentration limits (SCLs). Because SCL has a precedence over generic concentration limit, concentrations of B and C must be compared to their SCLs. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Concentration of substance B is below its SCL 70 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | Concentration of substance B is below its SCL 50 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B'. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | Concentration of substance C is below its SCL 10 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | Because substances B and C have SCLs, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
− Substance B has SCL 50 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-1B). − Substance C has SCL 10 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-1B). conc. B / SCL-1B + conc. C / SCL-1B = 9.3 / 50 + 1.2 / 10 = 0.306 The obtained value is below 1. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | Because substances B and C have SCLs, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
− Substance B has SCL 50 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-1B). − Substance C has SCL 10 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-1B). − Substance D has no SCL, therefore, generic concentration limit 5 % is applied (GCL). conc. B / SCL-1B + conc. C / SCL-1B + conc. D / GCL = 9.3 / 50 + 1.2 / 10 + 1.0 / 5 = 0.506 The obtained value is below 1. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1C'. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Concentration of substance B is below the lower border of its SCL 35 % for 'Skin Irrit. 2'. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | Concentration of substance C is below the lower border of its SCL 3 % for 'Skin Irrit. 2'. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | Because substances B and C have SCLs, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
− Substance B has SCL 35 % for 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-2). − Substance C has SCL 3 % for 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-2). − Substance D has no SCL for 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, generic concentration limit 1 % (GCL-1) is applied. − Substance F has SCL 25 % for 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, this value should be used (SCL). − Substance G has no SCL for 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, generic concentration limit 10 % (GCL-10) is applied. conc. B / SCL-2 + conc. C / SCL-2 + conc. D / GCL-1 + conc. F / SCL + conc. G / GCL-10 = 9.3 / 35 + 1.2 / 3 + 1.0 / 1 + 2.7 / 25 + 5.4 / 10 = 2.314 The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
| − | Because substances B and C have SCLs, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
− Substance B has SCL 50 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-1B). − Substance C has SCL 10 % for 'Skin Corr. 1B', therefore, this value should be used (SCL-1B). − Substance D has no SCL, therefore, generic concentration limit 1 % (GCL-2) is applied, as a lower border of GCL for 'Skin Irrit. 2' (CLP, Annex I, Table 3.2.3). |
| Sum of ingredients classified as |
Concentration triggering classification of a mixture as |
| Skin Irrit. 2 | ||
|
Skin Corr. 1A + Skin Corr. 1B + Skin Corr. 1C + Skin Corr. 1 |
≥ 1 % but < 5 % |
conc. B / SCL-1B + conc. C / SCL-1B + conc. D / GCL-2 = 9.3 / 50 + 1.2 / 10 + 1.0 / 1 = 1.306
The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 .
Substance B leads also to classification Eye Dam. 1 , because its concentration is between 8 % and 50 % of its SCL for 'Eye Dam. 1'. As a consequence following have to be taken into account: hazard statement H318, pictogram GHS05, signal word 'Danger' and precautionary statements P280, P305+P351+P338, P310.
Selection of hazard category
| − | The mixture is classified as 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | Classification category 'Eye Dam. 1' is also applied. |
Selection of hazard statements
| − | H315 corresponds to 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | H318 corresponds to 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
Selection of pictogram and signal word
| − | Pictogram GHS07 and signal word 'Warning' correspond to 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | Pictogram GHS05 and signal word 'Danger' correspond to 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
| − | According to Article 26(1,c) to CLP if the hazard pictogram GHS05 applies, the GHS07 is not used if it results from 'Skin Irrit. 2' and/or 'Eye Irrit. 2'. |
| − | According to Article 20(3) to CLP if the signal word 'Danger' is used, the 'Warning' is not used. |
Selection of precautionary statements
| − | For H315 following precautionary statements are applied: P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, P362+P364. |
| − | For H318 following precautionary statements are applied: P280, P305+P351+P338, P310. |
Classification and labelling of the mixture
| Classification: | Skin Irrit. 2, Eye Dam. 1 |
| Hazard statements: | H315, H318 |
| Pictogram: | |
| GHS05 | |
| Signal word: | Danger |
| Precautionary statements: | P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P332+P313, P362+P364 |
If mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). The rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
There is a mixture:
| Ingredient | Conc. % (w/w) | Classification | Specific Conc. Limits (SCLs) |
| Substance A | 1.7 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1A: H314: C ≥ 15 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 5 % ≤ C < 15 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 5 % ≤ C < 15 % |
| Substance B | 1.8 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1A: H314: C ≥ 7 % Skin Corr. 1B: H314: 1 % ≤ C < 7 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 0.1 % ≤ C < 1 % |
| Substance C | 0.2 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1A: H314: C ≥ 10 % Skin Corr. 1B: H314: 5 % ≤ C < 10 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 0.5 % ≤ C < 5 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 0.5 % ≤ C < 5 % |
| Substance D | 3.0 | Skin Corr. 1A: H314 | − |
| Substance E | 0.3 | Skin Corr. 1B: H314 |
Skin Corr. 1B: H314: C ≥ 1 % Skin Irrit. 2: H315: 0.1 % ≤ C < 1 % Eye Irrit. 2: H319: 0.1 % ≤ C < 1 % |
| Substance G | 2.7 | Skin Corr. 1B: H314 | − |
| Water | 90.3 | − | − |
Cut-off limits
| − | Concentrations of substances A, B, D and G are above the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, their concentrations are taken into account. |
| − | Concentration of substance C is below the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, its concentration is not taken into account. |
| − | Concentration of substance E is below the generic cut-off limit 1 % (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.1), therefore, its concentration is not taken into account for calculation 'Skin Corr. 1B'. Other hand, concentration of E is above the lower border of SCLs for 'Skin Irrit. 2' and 'Eye Irrit. 2', therefore, E is taken into account when calculating these categories. |
Specific and Generic concentration limits
| − | Substances A, B, C and E have specific concentration limits (SCLs). Because SCL has a precedence over generic concentration limit, concentrations of A, B, C and E must be compared to their SCLs. |
Additivity vs. Non-additivity approach
| − | The mixture's pH is between 2 and 11.5, therefore, additivity approach is applied for calculation of serious damage to eyes / eye irritation hazard. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1A'
| − | Concentration of substance A is below its SCL 15 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
| − | Concentration of substance B is below its SCL 7 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
| − | Because substances A and B have SCLs for 'Skin Corr. 1A', the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
− Substance A has SCL 15 % for 'Skin Corr. 1A', therefore, this value should be used (SCL). − Substance B has SCL 7 % for 'Skin Corr. 1A', therefore, this value should be used (SCL). − Substance D has no SCL, therefore, generic concentration limit 5 % is applied (GCL). conc. A / SCL + conc. B / SCL + conc. D / GCL = 1.7 / 15 + 1.8 / 7 + 3.0 / 5 = 0.970 The obtained value is below 1. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Corr. 1A'. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1B'
| − | Concentration of substance B is between 1 % and 7 % of its SCL for 'Skin Corr. 1B'. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1B . |
| − | According to the Note to Table 3.2.2 of Annex I to CLP, to classify a mixture as 'Skin Corr. 1B' concentrations of ingredients classified as 'Skin Corr. 1A' and 'Skin Corr. 1B' are summed. Because substance B has SCL for 'Skin Corr. 1B', the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
− The lower border of SCL of substance B for classification as 'Skin Corr. 1B' is 1 %, therefore, this value should be used (SCL). − Substances D and G have no SCLs, therefore, generic concentration limit 5 % is applied (GCL). conc. B / SCL + conc. D / GCL + conc. G / GCL = 1.8 / 1 + 3.0 / 5 + 2.7 / 5 = 2.940 The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification Skin Corr. 1B . |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1C'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1C' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Corr. 1'
| − | Because mixture does not contain ingredient with 'Skin Corr. 1' such classification is not calculated. |
Calculation of 'Skin Irrit. 2'
| − | Concentration of substance A is below the lower border of its SCL 5 %. This does not lead to classification 'Skin Irrit. 2'. |
| − | On the one hand, concentration of substance C is below the cut-off limit 1 % and it should not be taken into account when calculating classification. However, the lower border of its SCL for 'Skin Irrit. 2' is 0.5 %. Because concentration of C is also below SCL this does not lead to classification 'Skin Irrit. 2' (if conc. of C would were above the lower border of SCL (0.5 %), but below cut-off limit (1 %) this would lead to 'Skin Irrit. 2'). |
| − | Concentration of substance E is below the cut-off limit 1 % and it should not be taken into account. Other hand, its concentration is above the lower border of SCL 0.1 % for 'Skin Irrit. 2'. This leads to classification Skin Irrit. 2 . |
Substances A, B, D and G have also influence on Eye Dam. 1. A and B have SCL, therefore, the formula from Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria, Part 1: General Principles for Classification and Labelling, Version 5.0, Nov 2024, section 1.6.3.3.3 is applied.
conc. A / SCL-1A + conc. B / SCL-1B + conc. D / GCL + conc. G / GCL= 1.7 / 15 + 1.8 / 1 + 3.0 / 3 + 2.7 / 3 = 3.813
- For substance A the SCL 15 % is applied as for 'Skin Corr. 1A'.
- Because classifications 'Skin Corr. 1A', 'Skin Corr. 1B', 'Skin Corr. 1C', 'Skin Corr. 1' have influence on 'Eye Dam. 1' for substance B the lower border 1 % of its SCL for 'Skin Corr. 1B' is applied,
- Substances D and G have no SCLs, therefore, generic concentration limit 3 % (see CLP, Annex I, Table 3.3.3) is applied (GCL).
The obtained value is above 1. This leads to classification 'Eye Dam. 1'. As a consequence following have to be taken into account: hazard statement H318, pictogram GHS05, signal word 'Danger' and precautionary statements P280, P305+P351+P338, P310.
Selection of hazard category
| − | Classification sub-category 'Skin Corr. 1B' is more severe than 'Skin Irrit. 2', therefore, mixture is classified as 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | Classification category 'Eye Dam. 1' is also applied. |
Selection of hazard statements
| − | H314 corresponds to 'Skin Corr. 1B'. |
| − | H318 corresponds to 'Eye Dam. 1', but accorging to Part 1 of Annex III to CLP if H314 is assigned then H318 does not need to be indicated. |
Selection of pictogram and signal word
| − | Pictogram GHS05 and signal word 'Danger' correspond to both 'Skin Corr. 1B' and 'Eye Dam. 1'. |
Selection of precautionary statements
| − | For H314 following precautionary statements are applied: P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501. |
Classification and labelling of the mixture
| Classification: | Skin Corr. 1B, Eye Dam. 1 |
| Hazard statements: | H314 |
| Pictogram: | |
| GHS05 | |
| Signal word: | Danger |
| Precautionary statements: | P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310, P321, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501 |
If mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). The rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
See also Example 2 in section Examples.