According to Article 17(1) of CLP a label should contains:
●
the name, address and telephone number of the supplier(s);
●
the nominal quantity of the substance or mixture in the package made available to the general public, unless this quantity is specified elsewhere on the package;
●
product identifiers (Article 18);
and where applicable,
●
hazard pictogram(s)
in accordance with Article 19;
'hazard pictogram' means a graphical composition that includes a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as a border, background pattern or colour that is intended to convey specific information on the hazard concerned (CLP, Article 2(3)).
●
signal word
in accordance with Article 20;
'signal word' means a word that indicates the relative level of severity of hazards to alert the reader to a potential hazard; the following two levels are distinguished:
(a) 'Danger' means a signal word indicating the more severe hazard categories;
(b) 'Warning' means a signal word indicating the less severe hazard categories (CLP, Article 2(4)).
●
hazard statement(s)
in accordance with Article 21;
'hazard statement' means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous substance or mixture, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard (CLP, Article 2(5)).
●
precautionary statements
in accordance with Article 22;
'‘precautionary statement' means a phrase that describes recommended measure(s) to minimise or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous substance or mixture due to its use or disposal (CLP, Article 2(6)).
●
supplemental information in accordance with Article 25.
The role of these elements is to facilitate communication of hazard information on a mixture to users on the label and in section 2.2 of safety data sheet.
Hazard pictograms
The pictograms used in CLP are shown below (click on the image to see description (CLP, Annex V)).
Pictogram: GHS01
Symbol: exploding bomb
Hazard classes and categories:
● Unstable explosive (Unst. Expl.: H200)
● Explosive, division 1.1 (Expl. 1.1: H201)
● Explosive, division 1.2 (Expl. 1.2: H202)
● Explosive, division 1.3 (Expl. 1.3: H203)
● Explosive, division 1.4 (Expl. 1.4: H204)
● Self-reactive substance or mixture, type A (Self-react. A: H240)
● Self-reactive substance or mixture, type B (Self-react. B: H241). This category has two pictograms: GHS01 and GHS02.
● Organic peroxide, type A (Org. Perox. A: H240)
● Organic peroxide, type B (Org. Perox. B: H241). This category has two pictograms: GHS01 and GHS02.
Pictogram: GHS02
Symbol: flame
Hazard classes and categories:
● Flammable gas, category 1 (Flam. Gas 1: H220)
● Flammable gas, category 1A (Flam. Gas 1A: H220)
● Flammable gas, category 1B (Flam. Gas 1B: H221)
● Chemically unstable gas, category A (Chem. Unst. Gas A: H220, H230)
● Chemically unstable gas, category B (Chem. Unst. Gas B: H220, H231)
● Hazardous to the aquatic environment (short-term (acute)), category 1 (Aquatic Acute 1: H400)
● Hazardous to the aquatic environment (long-term (chronic)), category 1 (Aquatic Chronic 1: H410)
● Hazardous to the aquatic environment (long-term (chronic)), category 2 (Aquatic Chronic 2: H411)
Hazard classes and categories:
● Explosive, division 1.5 (Expl. 1.5: H205)
● Explosive, division 1.6 (Expl. 1.6)
● Flammable gas, category 2 (Flam. Gas 2: H221)
● Chemically unstable gas, category A (Chem. Unst. Gas A: H230)
● Chemically unstable gas, category B (Chem. Unst. Gas B: H231)
● Aerosol, category 3 (Aerosol 3: H229)
● Self-reactive substance or mixture, type G (Self-react. G)
● Organic peroxide, type G (Org. Perox. G)
● Category for effects on or via lactation (Lact.: H362)
● Hazardous to the aquatic environment (long-term (chronic)), category 3 (Aquatic Chronic 3: H412)
● Hazardous to the aquatic environment (long-term (chronic)), category 4 (Aquatic Chronic 4: H413)
If classification of a mixture would result in more than one hazard pictogram on the label, the following rules of precedence are applied to reduce the number of pictograms (CLP, Article 26):
GHS01
GHS02
GHS03
the use is optional, but is required in 2 cases
the use is optional
If the hazard pictogram 'GHS01' applies, the use of 'GHS02' and 'GHS03' is optional. But, if a mixture is classified as:
●
Self-reactive substance or mixture, type B (Self-react. B: H241)
and/or
●
Organic peroxide, type B (Org. Perox. B: H241)
both 'GHS01' and 'GHS02' have to be used, because these categories has two pictograms (CLP, Annex I, Tables 2.8.1 and 2.15.1).
GHS06
GHS07
is not used
If the hazard pictogram 'GHS06' applies, the 'GHS07' is not used.
GHS05
GHS07
is not used in 2 cases
If the hazard pictogram 'GHS05' applies, the 'GHS07' is not used if it results from:
If a mixture is classified as corrosive to metals "Met. Corr. 1: H290" but not as skin corrosion "Skin Corr. 1: H314", "Skin Corr. 1A: H314", "Skin Corr. 1B: H314", "Skin Corr. 1C: H314" or as serious eye damage "Eye Dam. 1: H318", and the mixture is in the finished state and packaged for consumer the use of GHS05 is not required (CLP, Annex I, 1.3.6).
GHS08
GHS07
is not used in some cases
If the hazard pictogram 'GHS08' applies for:
●
Respiratory sensitisation, category 1 (Resp. Sens. 1: H334) or
●
Respiratory sensitisation, sub-category 1A (Resp. Sens. 1A: H334) or
In other cases both 'GHS08' and 'GHS07' have to be used.
GHS02
GHS06
GHS04
the use is optional
If the hazard pictogram 'GHS02' or 'GHS06' applies, the use of 'GHS04' is optional .
The minimum area of each hazard pictogram must not be less than 1 cm2. Minimum dimensions of labels and pictograms must be as in the below table (CLP, Annex I, Table 1.3). For derogations from labelling requirements for special cases see CLP, Annex I, 1.3.
Capacity of the package
Dimensions of the label (in millimetres)
Dimensions of each pictogram (in millimetres)
Not exceeding 3 litres:
If possible, at least 52 x 74
Not smaller than 10 x 10
If possible, at least 16 x 16
Greater than 3 litres but not exceeding 50 litres:
At least 74 x 105
At least 23 x 23
Greater than 50 litres but not exceeding 500 litres:
At least 105 x 148
At least 32 x 32
Greater than 500 litres:
At least 148 x 210
At least 46 x 46
More information on CLP pictograms on ECHA website . Pictograms graphic files you may download from UN website .
Signal words, hazard and precautionary statements, supplemental information
Signal word, hazard statements and precautionary statements (just like pictograms) are selected in accordance with the classification of the hazardous substance or mixture. These elements are set out in tables in Parts 2 to 5 of Annex I.
Description of hazard statements is in Table 1.1 of Annex III to CLP. Additionally:
(a)
if H410 'Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects' is assigned, the statement H400 'Very toxic to aquatic life' may be omitted on the label,
(b)
if the statement H314 'Causes severe skin burns and eye damage' is assigned, the statement H318 'Causes serious eye damage' may be omitted on the label.
Description of precautionary statements is in Annex IV, part 2, Table 1.1 of CLP. When a square brackets […] or forward slash or diagonal mark [/] or three full stops […] appear in the precautionary statement for more information see the introduction to Annex IV.
In case when mixture (or substance) is classified as hazardous has the physical or health properties the label may include supplemental hazard information (CLP, Article 17(1, h)). Such information is not resulted directly from classification, but from properties of a mixture (or substance). Specific cases, when supplemental information should be included in the label are described in Annex II, parts 1 and 2 of CLP.
Below some of these cases are mentioned.
●
Mixtures sold to the general public which contain active chlorine (CLP, Annex II, 2.6). The label on the packaging of mixtures containing more than 1 % of active chlorine must include:
EUH206 — 'Warning! Do not use together with other products. May release dangerous gases (chlorine)'.
●
Mixtures containing at least one sensitising substance (CLP, Annex II, 2.8). If mixture is not classified as sensitising ('Skin Sens. 1: H317', 'Skin Sens. 1A: H317', 'Skin Sens. 1B: H317', 'Resp. Sens. 1: H334', 'Resp. Sens. 1A: H334', 'Resp. Sens. 1B: H334') but containing at least one ingredient classified as sensitising and present in a concentration equal to or greater than that specified in Table 3.4.6 of Annex I, the label must include:
EUH208 — 'Contains (name of sensitising substance). May produce an allergic reaction'.
Mixtures classified as sensitising containing other substance(s) classified as sensitising (in addition to the one that leads to the classification of the mixture) and present in a concentration equal to or greater than that specified in Table 3.4.6 of Annex I to CLP should include the name(s) of that/those substance(s) on the label.
Where a mixture is labelled in accordance with Section 2.4 or 2.5 of Annex II to CLP, the statement EUH208 may be omitted from the label for the substance concerned.
●
Mixtures not intended for the general public (CLP, Annex II, 2.10). For mixtures not classified as hazardous but which contain:
− ≥ 0.1 % of a substance classified as skin sensitiser category 1, 1B ('Skin Sens. 1: H317', 'Skin Sens. 1B: H317'), respiratory sensitiser category 1, 1B ('Resp. Sens. 1: H334', 'Resp. Sens. 1B: H334'), or carcinogenic category 2 ('Carc. 2: H351'), or
− ≥ 0.01 % of a substance classified as skin sensitiser category 1A ('Skin Sens. 1A: H317'), respiratory sensitiser category 1A ('Resp. Sens. 1A: H334'), or
− ≥ one tenth of the specific concentration limit for a substance classified as skin sensitiser or respiratory sensitiser with specific concentration limit lower than 0.1 % (for example, if substance of your interest is classified as 'Skin Sens. 1A: H317' with specific concentration limit 0.09 % (lower 0.1) and is in concentration 0.009 % (as one tenth of 0.09) in a mixture), or
− ≥ 0.1 % of a substance classified as toxic to reproduction categories 1A, 1B or 2 ('Repr. 1A: H360', 'Repr. 1A: H360F', 'Repr. 1A: H360Fd', 'Repr. 1A: H360FD', 'Repr. 1A: H360D', 'Repr. 1A: H360Df', 'Repr. 1B: H360', 'Repr. 1B: H360F', 'Repr. 1B: H360Fd', 'Repr. 1B: H360FD', 'Repr. 1B: H360D', 'Repr. 1B: H360Df', 'Repr. 2: H361', 'Repr. 2: H361f', 'Repr. 2: H361fd', 'Repr. 2: H361d'), or with effects on or via lactation ('Lact.: H362'); or
− at least one substance in an individual concentration of ≥ 1 % by weight for non-gaseous mixtures and ≥ 0.2 % by volume for gaseous mixtures either: - classified with other health or environmental hazards; or - for which there are Community workplace exposure limits
the label must include:
EUH210 — 'Safety data sheet available on request'.
If a mixture has two or more classification categories or differentiations for the same hazard class, the most severe classification is applied for each class. Where the signal word 'Danger' is used, the signal word 'Warning' is not used (CLP, Article 20(3)).
Once the mixture becomes classified pictogram(s), signal word, hazard statement(s) and precautionary statement(s) for the whole mixture must be selected. Specifications of physical, health and environmental hazard classes you may find in parts 2 to 5 of Annex I to CLP.
In the row below please select a classification, to see complete information on pictogram, signal word, hazard and precautionary statements.
Find
Clear
Find
Clear
Information on hazard classification will be listed here.
Additional tips
Label elements selected to be placed on the label must be consistent with those indicated in section 2.2 'Hazards identification' of safety data sheet (SDS). Not more than six precautionary statements should appear on the label, unless necessary to reflect the nature and the severity of the hazards (CLP, Article 28(3)). Therefore, if mixture has more than 6 precautionary statements, the most important should be indicated on the label and in section 2 of SDS but the rest may be placed in section 16 'Other information' of SDS.
Example 1
Example 2
Ingredients of a mixture lead to classifications:
●
Acute oral toxicity, category 3 (Acute Tox. 3: H301) and
Both 'Acute Tox. 3: H301' and 'Acute Tox. 4: H302' belong to Acute oral toxicity class, therefore, the most severe 'Acute Tox. 3: H301' must be selected.
Classification and labelling of the mixture
Classification:
Acute Tox. 3
Hazard statements:
H301
Pictogram:
GHS06
Signal word:
Danger
Precautionary statements, prevention:
P264, P270
Precautionary statements, response:
P301+P310, P321, P330
Precautionary statements, storage:
P405
Precautionary statements, disposal:
P501
Ingredients of a mixture lead to classifications:
●
Acute oral toxicity, category 3 (Acute Tox. 3: H301) and
Skin corrosion, category 1 (Skin Corr. 1: H314) and
●
Skin irritation, category 2 (Skin Irrit. 2: H315)
Selection of classification categories.
−
Both 'Acute Tox. 3: H301' and 'Acute Tox. 4: H302' belong to the same Acute oral toxicity class, therefore, the most severe 'Acute Tox. 3: H301' must be selected.
−
'Acute Tox. 4: H312' belongs to Acute dermal toxicity class. This must be selected, because it is only one category in this hazard class.
− 'Acute Tox. 3' is more severe than 'Acute Tox. 4', therefore, Acute Tox. 3 is indicated only. Because H301 and H312 indicate different routes of exposure (oral and dermal), both of them must be indicated as well.
−
Both 'Skin Corr. 1: H314' and 'Skin Irrit. 2: H315' belong to the same Skin corrosion class, therefore, the most severe Skin Corr. 1: H314 must be selected.
Selection of pictograms.
−
'Acute Tox. 3: H301' leads to the use of pictogram GHS06 .
−
'Acute Tox. 4: H312' leads to the use of pictogram GHS07. However, according to Article 26(1, b) of CLP the pictogram GHS07 is not used if GHS06 applies.
−
'Skin Corr. 1: H314' leads to the use of pictogram GHS05 .
Selection of signal word.
−
'Acute Tox. 3: H301' leads to the use of Danger .
−
'Acute Tox. 4: H312' leads to the use of 'Warning'. However, according to Article 20(3) of CLP 'Warning' is not used if 'Danger' applies.
−
'Skin Corr. 1: H314' leads to the use of 'Danger' (already applies).
Selection of hazard statements.
−
H301 applies for 'Acute Tox. 3: H301'.
−
H312 applies for 'Acute Tox. 4: H312'.
−
H314 applies for 'Skin Corr. 1: H314'.
Selection of prevention precautionary statements.
−
P264, P270 applies for 'Acute Tox. 3: H301'.
−
P280 applies for 'Acute Tox. 4: H312'.
−
P260 , P264, P280 applies for 'Skin Corr. 1: H314' (P264, P280 are used already).
Selection of response precautionary statements.
−
P301+P310, P321, P330 applies for 'Acute Tox. 3: H301'.
−
P302+P352, P312 , P321, P362+P364 applies for 'Acute Tox. 4: H312' (P321 is used already).
−
P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340, P310 , P321, P305+P351+P338 applies for 'Skin Corr. 1: H314' (P321 is used already).
Selection of storage precautionary statements.
−
P405 applies for 'Acute Tox. 3: H301'.
−
There is no storage precautionary statement for 'Acute Tox. 4: H312'.
−
P405 applies for 'Skin Corr. 1: H314' (is used already).
Selection of disposal precautionary statements.
−
P501 applies for 'Acute Tox. 3: H301'.
−
P501 applies for 'Acute Tox. 4: H312' (is used already).
−
P501 applies for 'Skin Corr. 1: H314' (is used already).
Some hazard statements may be omitted if another hazard statement is given on the label to avoid duplication and redundancy (CLP, Annex III, part 1):
●
H400 may be omitted if H410 is assigned.
●
H318 may be omitted if H314 is assigned.
●
EUH440 may be omitted if EUH441 is assigned.
●
EUH450 may be omitted if EUH451 is assigned.
In some cases some precautionary statements may be omitted if another precautionary statement is given on the label to avoid duplication and redundancy (CLP, Annex IV, Table 6.1, column 5):
●
Consumer products – omit P103 where P202 is used.
●
Consumer products – omit P201 where P202 is used.
●
P235 may be omitted if P411 or P413 are given on the label.
●
P261 may be omitted if P260 is given on the label.
●
P332 may be omitted if P333 is given on the label.
●
P332+P313 may be omitted if P333+P313 is given on the label.
●
P406 may be omitted if P234 is given on the label.
●
When P410+P403 is applied, P410 may be omitted on the label for gases filled in transportable gas cylinders in accordance with packing instruction P200 of the UN RTDG, unless those gases are subject to (slow) decomposition or polymerisation.
Labelling of packages where the contents do not exceed 125 ml
In case if the packaging is small (≤ 125 ml) and the label does not have enough space to place all the required information, some label elements may be omitted (CLP, Annex 1, 1.5.2.1). Below are elements that may be omitted. However, when mixture (or substance) is classified for other hazard classes not listed below, the label elements related to these other hazard classes still need to be included.
Hazard (H) and Precautionary (P) statements may be omitted for below categories (pictogram(s) and signal word are still required on the label).
●
Ox. Gas 1: H270
●
Press. Gas, Press. Gas (Comp.): H280, Press. Gas (Liq.): H280, Press. Gas (Ref. Liq.): H281, Press. Gas (Diss.): H280
If mixture is classified for below categories and is supplied to professional/industrial users Hazard (H) and Precautionary (P) statements may be omitted (pictogram(s) and signal word are still required on the label). However, if it is supplied to customer/general public H and P statements must be placed on the label.
Precautionary (P) statements may be omitted for below categories (hazard statements and signal word are still required on the label, pictograms does not apply to them).
●
Flam. Gas 2: H221
●
Lact.: H362
●
Aquatic Chronic 3: H412, Aquatic Chronic 4: H413
Hazard (H) and Precautionary (P) statements, pictogram and signal word may be omitted for below category.
●
Met. Corr. 1: H290
If the classification of a mixture allows to omit all P statements linked to above classification categories, but is supplied to customer/general public it is highly recommended to place on the label P101 "If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand", P102 "Keep out of reach of children" (optionally P103 "Read label before use").
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
There is a mixture classified as:
- Flam. Liq. 2: H225
- Skin Irrit. 2: H315
- Aquatic Acute 1: H400
Label elements for package > 125 ml and customer/general public use.
H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
H315: Causes skin irritation.
H400: Very toxic to aquatic life.
P101: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P102: Keep out of reach of children.
P210: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/….
P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ….
Danger
Comment. H and P statements linked to Flam. Liq. 2: H225, Skin Irrit. 2: H315 and Aquatic Acute 1: H400 may be omitted from the label, but pictograms GHS 02 (flame) linked to Flam. Liq. 2: H225 and GHS 09 (environment) linked to Aquatic Acute 1: H400 and signal word "Danger" are required on the label.
Label elements for package ≤ 125 ml and professional/industrial use.
P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/….
P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/….
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ….
Danger
Comment. H and P statements linked to Flam. Liq. 2: H225, Skin Irrit. 2: H315 and Aquatic Acute 1: H400 may be omitted from the label, but pictograms GHS 02 (flame) linked to Flam. Liq. 2: H225 and GHS 09 (environment) linked to Aquatic Acute 1: H400 and signal word "Danger" are required on the label. However, H and P statements for all categories must be mentioned in MSDS.
There is a mixture classified as:
- Acute Tox. 4: H332
- Resp. Sens. 1A: H334
- STOT SE 3: H335
Label elements for package > 125 ml and customer/general public use.
H332: Harmful if inhaled.
H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
H335: May cause respiratory irritation.
P101: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P102: Keep out of reach of children.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/….
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ….
Danger
Label elements for package > 125 ml and professional/industrial use.
H332: Harmful if inhaled.
H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/….
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ….
Danger
Label elements for package ≤ 125 ml and customer/general public use.
H332: Harmful if inhaled.
H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
H335: May cause respiratory irritation.
P101: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P102: Keep out of reach of children.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/….
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ….
Danger
Comment. H and P statements linked to Acute Tox. 4: H332 and STOT SE 3: H335 must be placed on the label when the mixture (substance) is supplied to customer/general public use.
Label elements for package ≤ 125 ml and professional/industrial use.
H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
P284: [In case of inadequate ventilation] wear respiratory protection.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/….
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ….
Danger
Comment. H and P statements linked to Acute Tox. 4: H332 and STOT SE 3: H335 may be omitted from the label when the mixture (substance) is supplied to professional/industrial use. However, H and P statements for all categories must be mentioned in MSDS.
There is a mixture classified as:
- Eye Irrit. 2: H319
- Aquatic Chronic 3: H412
Label elements for package > 125 ml and customer/general public use.
H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
P101: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ….
Warning
Label elements for package ≤ 125 ml and customer/general public use.
H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
P101: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.
P102: Keep out of reach of children.
P103: Read label before use.
Warning
Comment. H and P statements linked to Eye Irrit. 2: H319 may be omitted from the label. P statements linked to Aquatic Chronic 3: H412 may also be omitted from the label, but H statement must be listed. When the mixture (substance) is supplied to customer/general public use then statements P101, P102 are used. In this case P103 is used as well.
Label elements for package ≤ 125 ml and professional/industrial use.
H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Warning
Comment. H and P statements linked to Eye Irrit. 2: H319 may be omitted from the label. P statements linked to Aquatic Chronic 3: H412 may also be omitted from the label, but H statement must be listed. However, H and P statements for all categories must be mentioned in MSDS.
